Drug Discovery and Drug Design

Inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of biological target is called Drug design. Drug design also known as rational drug design. Bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery is called Drug development.

Drug product formulation is at the core of Particle Sciences. Particle Sciences believes formulation is a data driven science and we follow a methodical efficient approach. Particle Sciences uses standard approaches such as liquids, suspensions, extended and controlled release polymers, emulsions, self-emulsifying systems and a host of others.  A new class of drug delivery device which can inject doses far larger than today’s syringes or auto injectors has developed i.e., Bolus Injectors having the capability to deliver more than 1 ml of a drug subcutaneously in a simple, reliable, and inexpensive manner. In the last 12 years, drugs have been delivered using self-regulated and Nano-technology systems.

Molecular modelling has become a valuable and essential tool to medicinal chemists in the drug design process. Molecular modelling designates the generation, manipulation or representation of three-dimensional structures of molecules and associated physio-chemical properties. The aim of this review is to give an outline of studies in the field of medicinal chemistry in which molecular modelling has helped in the discovery process of new drugs. Molecular modelling is expanded over the last decades from a tool to visualize 3Dimensional database.

The process of detection, Assessment, understanding and prevention of side effects of drugs is called Drug safety also known as Pharmacovigilance. Drug carry a number of risks and understanding the science behind adverse drug reactions can help increase the safety of new medicines. The role of Good Pharmacovigilance Practice and Pharmacoepidemiology in Risk Management is mainly to increase the probability of beneficial effects of a drug in a population than the probability of adverse effects and to maintain the Good Reporting Practices by avoiding the major problems in risk management.

Nanotechnology has now introduced to develop medicine. Nanotechnology contains the use of materials with essential length scales in the nanometre measurement which demonstrate significantly changed properties associated to micron structured materials. Such materials can include particles, fibres, grain sizes, etc. This session highlighted the progressions nanotechnology is making in medicine in such fields as disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment including (but not limited to) drug delivery, tissue engineering, implants, sensors, cancer treatment an (but not limited to) drug delivery, tissue engineering, transplants, sensors, cancer treatment, and toxic.

Utilization of computational procedures in drug revelation and advancement process is quickly picking up in fame, usage and appreciation. Diverse terms are being connected to this region, including Computer-Aided Drug Design(CADD), computational medication plan, Computer-Aided Molecular Design (CAMD), Computer-Aided Molecular Modelling (CAMM), discerning medication outline, in the silico sedate plan, computer-aided rational drug design.

Drug design is an inventive process of finding new medications of a biological target which frequently but not necessarily relies on computer modelling techniques use of high throughput screening techniques to analyse a new compounds, both by synthetic and natural, as novel drugs. Regrettably, this approach has yielded very little achievement in the field of anti-infective drug discovery. The identification of both molecular targets that are essential for the survival of the pathogen, and compounds that are active on intact cells, is a challenging task. Even more formidable, however, is the fulfilment for appropriate potency levels and suitable pharmacokinetics, in order to achieve efficacy in small animal disease models.

Biomarkers of disease play an important role in medicine and have begun to assume a greater role in drug discovery and development Biomarkers increase the success rate of drug development programmes and thereby accelerate the availability of new therapeutics. Robust and validated biomarkers are needed to improve diagnosis, monitor drug activity and therapeutic response and guide the development of safer and targeted therapies for various chronic diseases.

Medicinal chemistry  are disciplines at the intersection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology and various other biological specialties, where they are involved with design, chemical synthesis and development for market of pharmaceutical agents, or bio-active molecules (drugs). Drug delivery refers to approaches, formulations, technologies, and systems for transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the body as needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic effect.

Proteomics, the large-scale analysis of proteins, contributes expressively to our understanding of gene function in the post-genomic era. Proteomics can be divided into three main areas: (1) protein micro-characterization for large-scale certification of proteins and their post-translational changes; (2) 'differential display' proteomics for comparison of protein levels with potential application in a extensive range of diseases; and (3) studies of protein–protein interactions using methods such as mass spectrometry or the yeast two-hybrid system. Proteomics technologies are under nonstop progresses and new skills are introduced. Nowadays high quantity acquisition of proteome data is possible.